Beginner Vocabulary

Months & Dates

Learn the months of the year and how to express dates

Lesson 6: Months & Dates

¡Los meses del año! (The months of the year!)

Welcome to Lesson 6! Being able to discuss dates is crucial for planning events, celebrating birthdays, booking appointments, and talking about history. Let's learn the months and how to express dates in Spanish!


Part 1: The Twelve Months (Los Doce Meses)

Here are all twelve months in Spanish:

Month Spanish Pronunciation Memory Trick
January enero eh-NEH-roh Similar to English!
February febrero feh-BREH-roh Feb-rero
March marzo MAR-soh Mars (Roman god)
April abril ah-BREEL A-bril (April showers)
May mayo MAH-yoh "Mayo" like mayonnaise!
June junio HOO-nee-oh June-io
July julio HOO-lee-oh July-o (Julius Caesar)
August agosto ah-GOHS-toh A-gosto (Augustus Caesar)
September septiembre sep-tee-EM-breh Sept-iembre (7th in Roman calendar)
October octubre ok-TOO-breh Oct-ubre (8th in Roman calendar)
November noviembre noh-vee-EM-breh Nov-iembre (9th in Roman calendar)
December diciembre dee-see-EM-breh Dic-iembre (10th in Roman calendar)

Pattern Recognition

Notice how similar many months are to English:
- enero / January
- febrero / February
- marzo / March
- abril / April
- junio / June
- julio / July
- septiembre / September
- octubre / October
- noviembre / November
- diciembre / December

Only mayo (May) and agosto (August) are quite different!

💡 Teacher's Tip: The months ending in "-bre" (septiembre, octubre, noviembre, diciembre) all come at the end of the year. Easy to remember!


Part 2: Key Grammar Rules for Months

Rule 1: Months Are NOT Capitalized

Just like days of the week, months are written in lowercase:
- ✅ enero, febrero, marzo
- ❌ Enero, Febrero, Marzo (unless starting a sentence)

Examples:
- Mi cumpleaños es en enero. (My birthday is in January)
- Enero es un mes frío. (January is a cold month) ← capitalized (starts sentence)

Rule 2: Months Are Masculine

All months are masculine nouns:
- el enero (January)
- el mayo (May)
- el diciembre (December)

Rule 3: Use "en" (in) with Months

en + month = in [month]

Examples:
- en enero (in January)
- en julio (in July)
- en diciembre (in December)

Full sentences:
- Voy a España en mayo. (I'm going to Spain in May)
- Mi cumpleaños es en marzo. (My birthday is in March)
- Hace frío en enero. (It's cold in January)


Part 3: Expressing Complete Dates

In Spanish, dates follow a specific format that's different from English!

The Spanish Date Format

el + [day number] + de + [month] + de + [year]

Pattern:
- el (the)
- [number] (day)
- de (of)
- [month]
- de (of)
- [year]

Examples:
- el 15 de enero de 2025 (January 15, 2025)
- el 4 de julio de 1776 (July 4, 1776)
- el 25 de diciembre de 2024 (December 25, 2024)
- el 31 de octubre de 2023 (October 31, 2023)

Saying the Date Out Loud

"el quince de enero de dos mil veinticinco"
(the fifteenth of January of two thousand twenty-five)

⚠️ Key Difference: Spanish uses day-month-year (15/1/2025), while American English uses month-day-year (1/15/2025)!


Part 4: The First Day (El Primero)

There's one special case: the FIRST day of any month!

Using "Primero" for Day 1

For the first day of the month, use primero (first) instead of uno (one):

Examples:
- el primero de enero (January 1st / January first)
- el primero de mayo (May 1st / May first)
- el primero de diciembre (December 1st / December first)

All other days use regular numbers:
- el dos de febrero (February 2nd)
- el tres de marzo (March 3rd)
- el cuatro de abril (April 4th)
- el veinte de junio (June 20th)

Shortened Form

Before a masculine noun, "primero" becomes "primer":
- el primer día de enero (the first day of January)
- el primero de enero (January first) ← no noun after, use full form


Part 5: Asking and Telling Dates

Asking "What's the Date?"

¿Qué fecha es hoy?
- Pronunciation: keh FEH-chah ehs oy
- Meaning: What's the date today?
- Also: ¿Cuál es la fecha? (What is the date?)

Answering with the Date

Hoy es el [number] de [month].

Examples:
- Hoy es el 10 de marzo. (Today is March 10th)
- Hoy es el 25 de diciembre. (Today is December 25th)
- Hoy es el primero de abril. (Today is April 1st)

Asking About Birthdays

¿Cuándo es tu cumpleaños? (When is your birthday?)

Answer:
Mi cumpleaños es el [number] de [month].
- Mi cumpleaños es el 5 de mayo. (My birthday is May 5th)
- Mi cumpleaños es el 30 de noviembre. (My birthday is November 30th)


Part 6: Seasons (Las Estaciones)

The months are associated with seasons, though these vary by hemisphere!

The Four Seasons

Spanish English Pronunciation Northern Hemisphere Months
la primavera spring pree-mah-VEH-rah marzo, abril, mayo
el verano summer veh-RAH-noh junio, julio, agosto
el otoño fall/autumn oh-TOH-nyoh septiembre, octubre, noviembre
el invierno winter een-vee-EHR-noh diciembre, enero, febrero

Usage:
- en primavera (in spring)
- en verano (in summer)
- en otoño (in fall)
- en invierno (in winter)

Examples:
- En primavera hace buen tiempo. (In spring the weather is nice)
- En verano voy a la playa. (In summer I go to the beach)
- En otoño caen las hojas. (In fall the leaves fall)
- En invierno nieva. (In winter it snows)

💡 Cultural Note: Remember that seasons are opposite in the Southern Hemisphere! December-February is summer in Argentina, Chile, and southern South America!


Part 7: Important Holidays and Dates

Major Spanish-Speaking World Holidays

Año Nuevo - New Year's Day
- el primero de enero (January 1st)

Día de Reyes / Epifanía - Three Kings Day
- el 6 de enero (January 6th)
- In many Spanish-speaking countries, this is when children receive gifts!

Día de San Valentín - Valentine's Day
- el 14 de febrero (February 14th)

Día de la Independencia (México) - Mexican Independence Day
- el 16 de septiembre (September 16th)

Día de la Hispanidad - Hispanic Day (Spain)
- el 12 de octubre (October 12th)
- Also: Columbus Day / Indigenous Peoples' Day

Día de los Muertos - Day of the Dead (Mexico)
- el 1 y 2 de noviembre (November 1st & 2nd)

Navidad - Christmas
- el 25 de diciembre (December 25th)

Nochebuena - Christmas Eve
- el 24 de diciembre (December 24th)
- Often more important than Christmas Day itself!

Nochevieja - New Year's Eve
- el 31 de diciembre (December 31st)


Part 8: Useful Time Expressions

Talking About Years

el año = the year

Specific years:
- 2025 = dos mil veinticinco
- 2000 = dos mil
- 1999 = mil novecientos noventa y nueve
- 1492 = mil cuatrocientos noventa y dos

Year expressions:
- este año (this year)
- el año pasado (last year)
- el próximo año (next year)
- todos los años (every year)

Months and Time

  • este mes (this month)
  • el mes pasado (last month)
  • el próximo mes (next month)
  • todos los meses (every month)
  • al mes (per month)

The Date vs. The Day

la fecha = the date (specific calendar date)
- ¿Cuál es la fecha? (What's the date?) → el 15 de marzo

el día = the day (day of the week OR day in general)
- ¿Qué día es? (What day is it?) → lunes


Part 9: Writing Dates in Spanish

Numeric Date Format

Day/Month/Year (DD/MM/YYYY)

Examples:
- 15/03/2025 = el 15 de marzo de 2025 (March 15, 2025)
- 01/01/2000 = el primero de enero de 2000 (January 1, 2000)
- 25/12/2024 = el 25 de diciembre de 2024 (December 25, 2024)

Common Abbreviations:
- d. = día (day)
- m. = mes (month)
- a. = año (year)

⚠️ Important: Spanish uses DD/MM/YYYY while US uses MM/DD/YYYY. This can cause confusion!
- 03/05/2025 in Spain = May 3rd, 2025
- 03/05/2025 in USA = March 5th, 2025


Part 10: Complete Conversations

Conversation 1: Asking Birthday

María: ¿Cuándo es tu cumpleaños?
(When is your birthday?)

Juan: Mi cumpleaños es el 20 de julio. ¿Y el tuyo?
(My birthday is July 20th. And yours?)

María: El mío es el 3 de diciembre.
(Mine is December 3rd.)

Conversation 2: Planning an Event

Ana: ¿Qué fecha es la boda?
(What date is the wedding?)

Carlos: Es el sábado, 15 de junio.
(It's Saturday, June 15th.)

Ana: ¿De qué año?
(What year?)

Carlos: De 2026.
(2026.)

Conversation 3: Historical Dates

Profesor: ¿Cuándo fue el Descubrimiento de América?
(When was the Discovery of America?)

Estudiante: El 12 de octubre de 1492.
(October 12, 1492.)


Part 11: Cultural Context

Birthday Traditions

"Las mañanitas" - Traditional birthday song in Mexico and other Latin American countries
- Sung at midnight or in the morning of someone's birthday

Quinceañera - 15th birthday celebration for girls
- Major milestone in Latin American culture
- el 15 cumpleaños (the 15th birthday)

Celebration Customs

Nochebuena (Christmas Eve) is often bigger than Christmas Day
- Family dinner
- Midnight mass (Misa del Gallo)
- Opening gifts at midnight

Twelve Grapes on New Year's Eve
- Eat 12 grapes at midnight (one for each month)
- Each grape represents good luck for one month of the new year


Part 12: Memory Techniques

Month Grouping

Group 1 - Similar to English:
enero, febrero, marzo, abril, junio, julio

Group 2 - "-bre" ending (autumn/winter):
septiembre, octubre, noviembre, diciembre

Group 3 - Different from English:
mayo, agosto

Seasonal Association

  • primavera: marzo, abril, mayo (flowers blooming)
  • verano: junio, julio, agosto (vacation time)
  • otoño: septiembre, octubre, noviembre (leaves falling)
  • invierno: diciembre, enero, febrero (cold months)

Personal Anchors

Associate months with personal events:
- enero → New Year (Año Nuevo)
- febrero → Valentine's Day (amor)
- mayo → Mother's Day (often in May)
- diciembre → Christmas (Navidad)

Practice Technique

Create a birthday list of family and friends in Spanish:
- La madre: el 10 de mayo
- El padre: el 23 de junio
- La hermana: el 5 de noviembre


Part 13: Common Mistakes to Avoid

❌ Mistake 1: Capitalizing months

  • Wrong: "Mi cumpleaños es en Julio"
  • Right: "Mi cumpleaños es en julio"

❌ Mistake 2: Using "uno" instead of "primero" for day 1

  • Wrong: "el uno de enero"
  • Right: "el primero de enero"

❌ Mistake 3: Wrong date order (Americanizing it)

  • Wrong: "enero 15" (January 15)
  • Right: "el 15 de enero" (the 15th of January)

❌ Mistake 4: Forgetting "de" between elements

  • Wrong: "el 25 diciembre 2024"
  • Right: "el 25 de diciembre de 2024"

❌ Mistake 5: Using wrong preposition with months

  • Wrong: "a marzo" or "por marzo"
  • Right: "en marzo" (in March)

Vocabulary Summary

The Months

Spanish English Spanish English
enero January julio July
febrero February agosto August
marzo March septiembre September
abril April octubre October
mayo May noviembre November
junio June diciembre December

Key Phrases

Spanish English
¿Qué fecha es hoy? What's the date today?
¿Cuándo es tu cumpleaños? When is your birthday?
Mi cumpleaños es el... My birthday is...
el primero de the first of
en enero in January
este año this year
el año pasado last year
el próximo año next year
la fecha the date
el mes the month
el año the year

Seasons

Spanish English
la primavera spring
el verano summer
el otoño fall/autumn
el invierno winter

Practice Exercises

Exercise 1: Recite the Months

Say all twelve months in order, 3 times

Exercise 2: Your Important Dates

Write in Spanish:
- Your birthday
- Today's date
- A family member's birthday
- Your favorite holiday

Exercise 3: Seasons Challenge

For each month, say which season it is:
"Enero es en invierno" (January is in winter)

Exercise 4: Historical Dates

Practice saying these important dates:
- January 1, 2000
- December 25, 2024
- July 4, 1776


📚 Ready to Practice!

You now know all the months and how to express dates in Spanish!

Key Takeaways:
1. Months are lowercase (enero, not Enero)
2. Use "el [number] de [month] de [year]" for dates
3. First day: "el primero de [month]"
4. Birthday: "Mi cumpleaños es el..."
5. Date format: DD/MM/YYYY (day/month/year)

Daily Practice:
- Say today's date each morning
- Write important dates in your calendar in Spanish
- Learn family birthdays in Spanish
- Practice months in order and backwards

Real-World Application:
You can now:
- Make appointments
- Celebrate birthdays
- Discuss holidays
- Plan events
- Talk about historical dates

Now complete your 50 practice exercises below! 👇

Practice Exercises

1 Multiple Choice
10 pts

What does 'enero' mean?

2 Multiple Choice
10 pts

What does 'febrero' mean?

3 Multiple Choice
10 pts

What does 'marzo' mean?

4 Multiple Choice
10 pts

What does 'abril' mean?

5 Multiple Choice
10 pts

What does 'mayo' mean?

6 Multiple Choice
10 pts

What does 'junio' mean?

7 Multiple Choice
10 pts

What does 'julio' mean?

8 Multiple Choice
10 pts

What does 'agosto' mean?

9 Multiple Choice
10 pts

What does 'septiembre' mean?

10 Multiple Choice
10 pts

What does 'octubre' mean?

11 Multiple Choice
10 pts

What does 'noviembre' mean?

12 Multiple Choice
10 pts

What does 'diciembre' mean?

13 Multiple Choice
10 pts

What does 'el mes' mean?

14 Multiple Choice
10 pts

What does 'el año' mean?

15 Multiple Choice
10 pts

What does 'la fecha' mean?

16 Multiple Choice
10 pts

How do you say 'January' in Spanish?

17 Multiple Choice
10 pts

How do you say 'February' in Spanish?

18 Multiple Choice
10 pts

How do you say 'March' in Spanish?

19 Multiple Choice
10 pts

How do you say 'April' in Spanish?

20 Multiple Choice
10 pts

How do you say 'May' in Spanish?

21 Multiple Choice
10 pts

How do you say 'June' in Spanish?

22 Multiple Choice
10 pts

How do you say 'July' in Spanish?

23 Multiple Choice
10 pts

How do you say 'August' in Spanish?

24 Multiple Choice
10 pts

How do you say 'September' in Spanish?

25 Multiple Choice
10 pts

How do you say 'October' in Spanish?

26 Fill in the Blank
10 pts

Write 'January' in Spanish: _____

27 Fill in the Blank
10 pts

Write 'February' in Spanish: _____

28 Fill in the Blank
10 pts

Write 'March' in Spanish: _____

29 Fill in the Blank
10 pts

Write 'April' in Spanish: _____

30 Fill in the Blank
10 pts

Write 'May' in Spanish: _____

31 Fill in the Blank
10 pts

Write 'June' in Spanish: _____

32 Fill in the Blank
10 pts

Write 'July' in Spanish: _____

33 Fill in the Blank
10 pts

Write 'August' in Spanish: _____

34 Fill in the Blank
10 pts

Write 'September' in Spanish: _____

35 Fill in the Blank
10 pts

Write 'October' in Spanish: _____

36 Fill in the Blank
10 pts

Write 'November' in Spanish: _____

37 Fill in the Blank
10 pts

Write 'December' in Spanish: _____

38 Fill in the Blank
10 pts

Complete: 'el _____' (the month)

39 Fill in the Blank
10 pts

Complete: 'el _____' (the year)

40 Fill in the Blank
10 pts

Complete: 'la _____' (the date)

41 Translation
15 pts

Translate to Spanish: 'January'

42 Translation
15 pts

Translate to English: 'febrero'

43 Translation
15 pts

Translate to Spanish: 'March'

44 Translation
15 pts

Translate to English: 'abril'

45 Translation
15 pts

Translate to Spanish: 'May'

46 Translation
15 pts

Translate to English: 'junio'

47 Translation
15 pts

Translate to Spanish: 'July'

48 Translation
15 pts

Translate to English: 'agosto'

49 Translation
15 pts

Translate to Spanish: 'September'

50 Translation
15 pts

Translate to English: 'octubre'

Lesson Info

Exercises: 50
Total Points: 550
Your Score: 0 / 550
Progress
0% Complete
Login to Track Progress